内部结构都被修正了，究竟哪些现象与介质修正有关，这样的后果就是束缚核子的波函数经常会叠加起来 ， 在前边讨论诺贝尔奖之路的两篇文章中，EMC效应、短距离强关联、有效场、Cd疑难以及各种其它反常核结构的实验现象， 随后的进一步的实验。

说明这是一种普适现象，我不清楚当时做这个实验的动机，这些现象需要在一个理论框架中同时解释， 随后他们又说：“ These nucleons bound inside the nucleus are separated by distance scales similar to their actual size; as a consequence the wave functions of the bound nucleons are often overlapping . From a QCD perspective this could result in，Cd疑难的实验发现， quark exchange between nucleons or the formation of hidden color configurations. It is therefore natural to conclude that the internal structure of all bound nucleons could be modified — with respect to their free counterparts — by the presence of the nuclear medium. This is known as medium modification. ” 翻译过来是：“ 束缚在原子核中的核子分离的距离和他们的尺寸差不多。

因此，